pregnancy
.

نقد نظرية التطور الجزء الثاني

مراجع

  1. ^ Johnston، Ian C. (1999). "Section Three: The Origins of Evolutionary Theory"... And Still We Evolve. Liberal Studies Department, جامعة فانكوفر ايلاند. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2007-07-25.
  2. ^ van Wyhe، John (2002). "Charles Darwin: gentleman naturalist: A biographical sketch"The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online. University of Cambridge. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2007-07-25.
  3. ^ AboutDarwin.com
  4. ^ Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species: A FACSIMILE of the First Edition, Harvard University Press, 1964, pp. 172, 280
  5. ^ Mark Czarnecki, "The Revival of the Creationist Crusade", MacLean's, January 19, 1981, p. 56
  6. ^ Holden, Constance. "The Politics of Paleoanthropology" Science, 8-14-81, p.737
  7. ^ .T Neville George, Fossils in Evolutionary Perspective, Science progress vol, 48 janury 1960, p3
  8. ^ Dr David Raup , Curator of geology, Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago
  9. ^ Louis Bounoure: as quoted in "The Advocate", Thursday 8 March 1984, p. 17
  10. ^ Søren Løvtrup, Darwinism: The Refutation of a Myth (New York: Croom Helm, 1987), p. 422
  11. ^ 42 Fallacies - Free eBook
  12. ^ Dr. Tim White- Evolutionary anthropologist -University of California at Berkeley - New Scientist, April 28, 1983, p. 199
  13. ^ Ronald R. West , "Paleontology and Uniformitarianism ," in Compass , May 1968, p. 216
  14. ^ Donald C. Johanson & M. A. Edey, Lucy: The Beginnings of Humankind, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1981, p. 250
  15. ^ Science News, Vol 115, 1979, pp. 196-197
  16. ^ Ian Anderson, New Scientist, Vol 98, 1983, p. 373
  17. ^ Russell H. Tuttle, Natural History, March 1990, pp.61-64
  18. ^ H.yahya, The Evolution Deceit: The Scientific Collapse of Darwinism and its Ideological Background, p 98-99-100
  19. ^ A. J. Kelso, Physical Anthropology, 1.b., 1970, pp. 221; M. D. Leakey, Olduvai Gorge, Vol 3, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971, p. 272
  20. ^ oldest humanlike hand bone discoverd بتاريخ 18-8-2015
  21. ^ The Guardian, 11 July 2002
  22. ^ John Whitefield, “Oldest member of human family found,” Nature, 11 July 2002
  23. ^ D. L. Parsell, “Skull Fossil From Chad Forces Rethinking of Human Origins,” National Geographic News, July 10 2002
  24. ^ M. Schweitzer and T. Staedter, 'The Real Jurassic Park', Earth , June 1997 pp. 55-57
  25. ^ Morell, V., Dino DNA: The hunt and the hype, Science 261(5118):160-162, 9 July 1993
  26. ^ Mary H. Schweitzer, Jennifer L. Wittmeyer, John R. Horner, Jan B. Toporski, Soft-Tissue Vessels and Cellular Preservation in Tyrannosaurus rex, Science, March 25, 2005
  27. ^ Cocktails! C14, DNA, collagen in dinosaurs indicates geological timescales are false http://www.uncommondescent.com/…/cocktail-c14-dna-collagen…/Western Pacific Geophysics Meeting in Singapore 2012
  28. ^ Mark Armitage http://www.uncommondescent.com/…/mark-armitage-possibily-t…/ 2013
  29. ^ Scientists recover T. rex soft tissue 2015
  30. ^ Schweitzer's Dangerous Discovery 2016
  31. ^ Is This the Face of Our Past?” Discover, December 1997, pp. 97-100
  32. ^ D. Johanson, Blake Edgar, From Lucy to Language, p. 173
  33. ^ Boyce Rensberger, Washington Post, 19 October 1984, p. A11
  34. ^ D. Johanson, Blake Edgar, From Lucy to Language, p. 169
  35. ^ The New York Times, "Fossil Discovery Threatens Theory of Birds' Evolution" , عدد 23 يونيو سنة 2000
  36. ^ Carl O. Dunbar, Historical Geology, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1961, p. 310
  37. ^ L. D. MARTIN, J. D. STEWART, K. N. WHETSTONE, THE AUK, VOL. 97, 1980, P. 86.
  38. ^ L. D. MARTIN, "ORIGINS OF THE HIGHER GROUPS OF TETRAPODS," ITHACA, COMSTOCK PUBLISHING ASSOCIATION, NEW YORK, 1991, PP. 485-540
  39. ^ S. TARSITANO, M. K. HECHT, ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNAEAN SOCIETY, VOL. 69, 1980, P. 149; A. D. WALKER, GEOLOGICAL MAGAZINE, VOL. 117, 1980, P. 595
  40. ^ A.D. WALKER, AS DESCRIBED IN PETER DODSON, "INTERNATIONAL ARCHAEOPTERYX CONFERENCE," JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY 5(2):177, JUNE 1985
  41. ^ Pat Shipman, "Birds do it... Did Dinosaurs?", new scientist, febrwary 1997, p31
  42. ^ "Old Bird", Discover, March 21, 1997
  43. ^ اصطياد سمكة سيلاكانث بتاريخ 21 يناير 2003
  44. ^ Malcolm Muggeridge, The End of Christendom, Grand Rapids, Eerdmans, 1980, p. 59
  45. ^ Stephen Jay Gould, "Smith Woodward's Folly", New Scientist, February 5, 1979, p. 44
  46. ^ Kenneth Oakley, William Le Gros Clark & J. S, "Piltdown", Meydan Larousse, Vol 10, p. 133
  47. ^ End as a Man- Time Magazine 30 Nov 1953 retrieved 11 November 2010
  48. ^ Stephen Jay Gould, "Smith Woodward's Folly", New Scientist, April 5, 1979, p. 44
  49. ^ التطور التجربة الكبرى - المجلد 1 ص 143 بالإنجليزية Evolution: The Grand Experiment - Volume 1 by Dr Carl Werner, pg 143
  50. ^ Evolution: The Grand Experiment - Volume 1 by Dr Carl Werner, pg 219
  51. ^ أيقونات التطور - جوناثان ويلز :ص110 : ص111 - دار الكاتب؛ الطبعة العربية
  52. ^ Forensic palaeontology: The Archaeoraptor forgeryمجلة ناتشر تنتقد مؤسسة ناشيونال بنشرها خبر أحفورية أركيورابتور المفبركة. نشر بتاريخ 29 مارس 2001
  53. ^ Tim Friend, "Dinosaur-bird link smashed in fossil flap," USA Today, 25 January 2000, (emphasis added
  54. ^ Gish, Duane T., 1985. Evolution: The Challenge of the Fossil Record, El Cajon, CA: Creation-Life Publishers, p. 190
  55. ^ W. K. Gregory, "Hesperopithecus Apparently Not An Ape Nor A Man", Science, Vol 66, December 1927, p. 579
  56. ^ Tim Bromage, New Scientist, vol 133, 1992, p. 38-41
  57. ^ J. E. Cronin, N. T. Boaz, C. B. Stringer, Y. Rak, "Tempo and Mode in Hominid Evolution", Nature, Vol 292, 1981, p. 113-122
  58. ^ C. L. Brace, H. Nelson, N. Korn, M. L. Brace, Atlas of Human Evolution, 2.b. New York: Rinehart and Wilson, 1979
  59. ^ Alan Walker, Scientific American, vol 239 (2), 1978, p. 54
  60. ^ New scientist: Baboon bone found in famous Lucy skeleton نشر بتاريخ 10 أبريل 2015
  61. ^ Time, November 7, 1979, pp. 68- 69Dr. Yves Coppens, appearing on BBC-TV in 1982, stated that Lucy’s skull was like that of an ape/
  62. ^ embarrassingly un-Homo like Science 81, 2(2):53-55
  63. ^ J. Cherfas, New Scientist, (97:172 [1982]
  64. ^ Science Newsletter, 1982, p. 4
  65. ^ Science et vie, Adieu lucy, May 1999
  66. ^ 41. Ann Gibbons, “Plucking the Feathered Dinosaur,” Science, vol. 278, no. 5341, 14 November 1997, pp. 1229 – 1230
  67. ^ the film more about ida
  68. ^ http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/05/090519104643.htm
  69. ^ http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0005723
  70. ^ http://phys.org/news186758868.html
  71. ^ fossil ida nature magazine revelation
  72. ^ oh ida where have thee gone
  73. ^ http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2009/05/19-01.html
  74. ^ darwin fossile ida hype
  75. ^ Fifth edition (1869), Chapter IX, ‘On the Imperfection of the Geological Record’, pp. 378-381
  76. ^ تعدى إلى الأعلى ل:أ ب http://www.c4id.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=258:why-the-fossils-from-the-cambrian-era-rock-the-foundations-of-darwinism-&catid=52:frontpage&Itemid=1
  77. ^ Explaining the Cambrian “Explosion” of Animals’, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 34, pp. 362-3 (2006)
  78. ^ On the Origin of Phyla’, University of Chicago Press (2004), p. 35
  79. ^ DIGITAL CAMERAS WITH DESIGNS INSPIRED BY THE ARTHROPOD EYE بتاريخ 2013
  80. ^ On Methuselah’s Trail: Living Fossils and the Great Extinctions’, W. H. Freeman (1992), p. 36
  81. ^ Why the fossils from the Cambrian era rock the foundations of Darwinism2012
  82. ^ Futuyma D.J. 1995. Science on trial: the case for evolution. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer p49 ISBN 0-87893-184-8.
  83. ^ Dr. Duane T. Gish: Evolution? The Fossils say no, creation-life publishers, san diego, california, pp 180-181
  84. ^ S. R. Scadding, "Do 'Vestigial Organs' Provide Evidence for Evolution?", Evolutionary Theory, Vol 5, May 1981, p. 173
  85. ^ أخبار الطب اليومية: The Appendix Protects Us From Germs And Protects Good Bacteria 9 أكتوبر 2007
  86. ^ H. Enoch, Creation and Evolution, New York: 1966, pp. 18-19
  87. ^ Aabaco
  88. ^ Weston A. Price “Nutrition and Physical Degeneration : A Comparison of Primitive and Modern Diets and Their Effects” Written in 1939 the book at Amazon.com (8th edition, 2008)
  89. ^ [http://www.journeytoforever.org/farm_library/price/pricetoc.html Nutrition and Physical Degeneration]
  90. ^ العلم المباشر: مشاكل انحشار ضرس العقل
  91. ^ دراسات واسعة النطاق تتجه عكس ما يروجه مؤيدوا نظرية التطور
  92. ^ The effect of removal of all third molars on the dental arches in the third decade of life بتاريخ 12 يناير 1994
  93. ^ Clinical relevance of third permanent molars in relation to crowding after orthodontic treatment. 1997
  94. ^ ألفا: أضرار إزالة أضراس العقل وخطرها
  95. ^ The effect of extraction of third molars on late lower incisor crowding: a randomized controlled trial بتاريخ 25 ماي 1998
  96. ^ دراسة أمريكية: عمليات إزالة أصراس العقل بالولايات المتحدة الأمريكية وما يصاجبها منم أخطار The Prophylactic Extraction of Third Molars: A Public Health Hazard
  97. ^ ورقة علمية: ضرس العقل ينفع الأسنان ولا يسبب خلل لها
  98. ^ Saladin (2003), p 268
  99. ^ Foye (2008), eMedicine
  100. ^ Shute, Evan, Flaws in the Theory of Evolution, Craig Press 1961, page 40; cited in Ref. 7, page 34
  101. ^ [Bergman, J. and Howe, G., “Vestigial Organs” Are Fully Functional, pages 32–34, Creation Research Society Books, 1990. ]
  102. ^ Ruiz، A. (1986). "An anthropometric study of the ear in an adult population". International Journal of Anthropology 1: 135–43. doi:10.1007 /BF02447350
  103. ^ نتوء الأذن Vestigial organs: Remnants of evolution ماي 2008
  104. ^ Life's Little Mysteries - Episode 39 6 نونبر 2009
  105. ^ Drury and Hawlett,2000
  106. ^ حلمات الذكور والتحفيز الجنسي,Is the human male nipple vestigial?
  107. ^ حلمات الذكور Nipples Men
  108. ^ The Conjunctiva—Structure and Function DARLENE A. DARTT. ch2
  109. ^ THE EYE jhon V. Forrester, 2992
  110. ^ القشعريرة والعواطف البشرية الخالصة
  111. ^ كارتان: الاسلاف المزعومة والموسيقى
  112. ^ Controlled stimulation of hair follicle receptors 1974
  113. ^ البصيلات والقشعريرة والخلايا لانغرهانز ووظائف شعر جسم الإنسان
  114. ^ دراسة علمية في جامعة شيفيلد ببريطانيا: شعر جسمك قد ينقذ حياتك
  115. ^ الشعر يحمي من العناصر الخارجية والأتربة
  116. ^ دور الشعر في حماية الجسم من الحشرات
  117. ^ فاعلية جهاز جاكبسون في الإنسان وفائدته في البشر البالغين
  118. ^ Human Vomeronasal Organ Dr. Michael Meredith, FSU
  119. ^ Recent progress in the neurobiology of the vomeronasal organ 1 غشت 2002
  120. ^ الجارديان البريطانية: مناطق مفيدة من المساحات الشاسعة للجينات الخردة
  121. ^ الواشنطن بوست: علماء يكتسفون فوائد جينات الخردة
  122. ^ http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/08/020830072103.htm الساينس ديلي: تغير نظرة الباحثين إلى الحمض النووي الخردة]
  123. ^ idden Treasures in Junk DNA
  124. ^ Junk DNA not as worthless as once thought 2014
  125. ^ The ribosome can discriminate the chirality of amino acids within its peptidyl-transferase center 8 يناير 2015
  126. ^ تعدى إلى الأعلى ل:أ ب ت Magny, E. et al. 2013. ConservedRegulation of Cardiac Calcium Uptake by Peptides Encoded in Small Open ReadingFrames.Science. 341 (6150): 1116-1120
  127. ^ Yong, E. Hidden Treasures. The Scientist. Posted on the-scientist.com August 22, 2013, accessed September 20, 2013
  128. ^ Rinn, J. L. and H. Y. Chang. 2012. Genome Regulation by Long Noncoding RNAs. Annual Review Biochemistry. 81:145–166
  129. ^ Ohsawa, R. J. H. Seol, and J. K. Tyler. 2013. At the intersection of non-coding transcription, DNA repair, chromatinstructure, and cellular senescence. Frontiers in Genetics. 4 (36). doi:10.3389/fgene.2013.00136
  130. ^ Kastenmayer JP, Ni L, Chu A, Kitchen LE, Au WC, Yang H, Carter CD, Wheeler D, Davis RW, Boeke JD, Snyder MA, Basrai MA. Functionalgenomics of genes with small open reading frames (sORFs) in S. cerevisiae. Genome Research. 2006 Mar;16(3):365-73
  131. ^ The spatial architecture of protein function and adaptation 2012
  132. ^ Stylus: A System for Evolutionary Experimentation... بتاريخ يونيو 2008
  133. ^ Biologic
  134. ^ دراسة سنة 2015: مشكلة وقت الانتظار في نموذج تزايد أشباه البشر The waiting time problem in a model hominin population
  135. ^ Evolution of Living Organisms , p. 87
  136. ^ B. G. Ranganathan, Origins?, Pennsylvania: The Banner Of Truth Trust, 1988
  137. ^ Julian Huxley: Evolution in action, Newyork, Harper Bros 1953, p41
  138. ^ Dr. Lee Spetner, “Lee Spetner/Edward Max Dialogue: Continuing an exchange with Dr. Edward E. Max,” 2001 www.trueorigin.org/spetner2.asp
  139. ^ تعدى إلى الأعلى ل:أ ب Warren Weaver, "Genetic Effects of Atomic Radiation", Science, Vol 123, June 29, 1956, p. 1159
  140. ^ Gordon R. Taylor, The Great Evolution Mystery, New York: Harper & Row, 1983, p. 48
  141. ^ تعدى إلى الأعلى ل:أ ب جامعة بايلور المركز الطبي:تشريح الداروينية الدكتور جوزيف كوهين Joseph A. Kuhn 2014
  142. ^ http://www.pnas.org/content/93/16/8475.full.pdf PNAS S Ohno معدل التطفر
  143. ^ Bramble and Lieberman, Endurance running. For a list of hundreds of phenotypictraits in humans that diffir from the great apes، see A. Varki and T.K.Altheide, "Comparing the human and chimpanzee genomes: Searchingfor needles in a haystack " Genome Research 15 (2005): 1746-1758
  144. ^ R. Durrett and D. Schmidt " Waiting for regularoty sequences to appear " Annals of Appleid Probability 17 ( 2007): 1-32. The relevant information appearson p19 where the time to fixation is factored in
  145. ^ R. Durrett and D. Schmidt " Waiting for two mutations: With applicationsto regulatory sequence evolution and the limits of Darwinion evolutions" Genetics180 (2008): 1501-1509
  146. ^ Waiting for Two Mutations: With Applications to Regulatory Sequence Evolution and the Limits of...
  147. ^ academic research microsoft/ edward frieden cytochrome c oxidase
  148. ^ Ambler, Daniel مقارنات لبروتين السيتوكروم سي
  149. ^ scientificamerican. the machanisms of evolution
  150. ^ معهد البيولوجيا الجزيئية: Giuseppe Sermonti
  151. ^ Why is a Fly Not a Horse? Sermonti, Giuseppe, Discovery Institute Press, 20 April 2015
  152. ^ De pagina is niet gevonden
  153. ^ Monica Young ، Paul Hebert: PMC4550450 نشرت بشهر غشت سنة 2015
  154. ^ Gates, The Road Ahead, Penguin: London, Revised, 1996 p. 228
  155. ^ PLOS Computational Biology: Page Not found
  156. ^ A first look at ARFome: dual-coding genes in mammalian genomes بتاريخ 3 ماي 2007
  157. ^ Frank B. Salisbury, "Doubts about the Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution", American Biology Teacher, September 1971, p. 336
  158. ^ Paul Auger, De La Physique Theorique a la Biologie,1970, p. 118
  159. ^ Francis Crick, Life Itself: It's Origin and Nature, NewYork, Simon & Schuster, 1981, p. 88
  160. ^ Ali Demirsoy, Kalitim ve Evrim (Inheritance and Evolution), Ankara: Meteksan Publishing Co., 1984, p39
  161. ^ John Horgan, In the berlinning, scientific american, vol 264, February 1991, p119
  162. ^ Homer Jacobson, Information, reproduction and the origin of life, american scientist , january 1995, p121
  163. ^ Reinhard Junker and Siegfried Scherer, Entstehung gesiche der lebewesen, Weyel, 1986,p89
  164. ^ Michael Denton, Evolution: A Theory in Crisis. London: Burnett Books, 1985, p. 351
  165. ^ John Horgan, "In the Beginning", Scientific American, vol. 264, February 1991, p. 119
  166. ^ G.F. Joyce, L. E. Orgel, "Prospects for Understanding the Origin of the RNA World", In the RNA World, Newyork: cold spring harbor laboratory press,1993, p13
  167. ^ The Evolution Deceit: The Scientific Collapse of Darwinism and its Ideological Background, p 137
  168. ^ Jaques mondon, Chance and necessity,Newyork: 1971, p 13
  169. ^ Leslie E. Orgel, the origin of life onthe earth, Scientific American, Ekim 1994, vol 271,p78
  170. ^ ? Is Life Unique David L. Abel
  171. ^ http://www.iaees.org/publications/journals/nb/articles/2014-4%282%29/3-Ibrahim-Abstract.asp
  172. ^ Bilim ve Teknik, July 1989, Vol. 22, No.260, p.59
  173. ^ The Evolution Deceit: The Scientific Collapse of Darwinism and its Ideological Background,1999, p186
  174. ^ Grzimeks Tierleben Vögel 3, Deutscher Taschen Buch Verlag, Oktober 1993, p.92
  175. ^ David Attenborough, Life On Earth: A Natural History, Collins British Broadcasting Corporation, June 1979, p.236
  176. ^ National Geographic, September 1995, p.98
  177. ^ D. Attenborough, Life of birds, princeton university press, princeton-new jersy, 1998, p47
  178. ^ Breidach, O. and Kutsch, W., "The Nervous Systems of Invertebrates: An Evolutionary and Comparative Approach." With a coda written by T.H. Bullock, 1995
  179. ^ Fernald, R.D., "Casting a genetic light on the evolution of eyes", Science 313:1914–1918, 2006; p. 1914
  180. ^ Turner, J.S., "The Tinker’s Accomplice: How Design Emerges from Life Itself", Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, p. 161, 2007
  181. ^ Grassé, P.P., "Evolution of Living Organisms", Academic Press, New York, NY, p. 163, 1977
  182. ^ Loren C. Eiseley, The Immense Journey, Vintage Books, 1958, p. 186
  183. ^ Norman Macbeth, Darwin Retried: An Appeal to Reason, Harvard Common Press, New York: 1971, p. 33.
  184. ^ Norman Macbeth, Darwin Retried: An Appeal to Reason, Harvard Common Press, New York: 1971, p 36
  185. ^ Loren Eiseley, The Immense Journey, Vintage Books,. 1958. p. 227
  186. ^ The Evolution of a Skeptic: An Interview with Dr. Michael Behe
  187. ^ نظرية الـ Intelligent Desig في أصل الحياة والكون
  188. ^ Lee Strobel, The Case for a Creator, Chapter 3, p.33
  189. ^ Fodor, J. & Piattelli Palmarini, M. (2011) What Darwin Got Wrong, p.15
  190. ^ Berkeley’s Radical: An Interview with Phillip E. Johnson, Touchstone Magazine, 2002
  191. ^ Evolution: The Fossils Still Say No! دوان كيش 1995
  192. ^ New Scientist, Burning Darwin, vol 2235, 22-06-2002
  193. ^ http://www.uncommondescent.com/darwinism/peer-reviewed-paper-neo-darwinism-falsified/
  194. ^ discovery.org
  195. ^ inteligent design
  196. ^ Why Darwin was wrong about the tree of life 2012
  197. ^ Charles Darwin's tree of life is 'wrong and misleading', claim scientists2012
  198. ^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/4312355/Charles-Darwins-tree-of-life-is-wrong-and-misleading-claim-scientists.html
  199. ^ 100 Scientists, National Poll Challenge Darwinism سنة 2001
  200. ^ http://www.discovery.org/scripts/viewDB/filesDB-download.php?command=download&id=660
  201. ^ Almost a Thousand Major Scientists Dissent from Darwin!
  202. ^ http://www.rae.org/pdf/darwinskeptics.pdf
  203. ^ Physicians and Surgeons for Scientific Integrity
  204. ^ http://www.arn.org/arnproducts/audios/c010.htm
  205. ^ http://www.nature.com/news/south-korea-surrenders-to-creationist-demands-1.10773
  206. ^ South Korea will remove evolution from its high school textbooks 2012
  207. ^ Creationist groups win Michael Gove's approval to open free schools سنة 2012
  208. ^ Creationism and the Teaching of Evolution in Poland
  209. ^ Evolution Comes Under Fire in Turkey's Higher Education
  210. ^ Turkey suppresses evolution books
  211. ^ Attitudes towards teaching evolution in Turkey
  212. ^ http://ncse.com/news/2013/06/teaching-evolution-turkey-0014883
  213. ^ http://www.eltwhed.com/vb/attachment.php?attachmentid=2332&d=1409703240
  214. ^ سكاي نيوز عربية: استطلاع آراء الأمريكيين في نظرية التطور
  215. ^ Teaching creationism is widespread in U.S. public schools
  216. ^ http://www.knoxnews.com/news/2012/mar/19/anti-evolution-class-discussions-get-senates-ok/
  217. ^ http://www.deccanherald.com/content/504378/remove-darwins-evolution-theory-textbooks.html
  218. ^ خصائص تفرد الإنسان عن القردة
  219. ^ Ruth Henke, "Aufrecht aus den Bäumen," Focus, vol. 39, 1996, p. 178
  220. ^ Elaine Morgan, The Scars of Evolution, Oxford University Press, New York, 1994, p. 5
  221. ^ Ann Gauger- Douglas Axe- Casey Luskin. Science and Human Origins, p 24
  222. ^ الإنسان والشمبانزي توضيح الاختلافات
  223. ^ مجلة علم الوراثة 2007: Durrett R, Schmidt D استنتاجات نظرية حول المعدل الزمنى المطلوب لتثبيت الطفرات داخل المجموع السكانى لنوع من الاحياء عن طريق العمليات الحسابية ونماذج المحاكاة الحاسوبية
  224. ^ chimpanzee and human Y chromosomes are remarkably divergent in stru...
  225. ^ http://www.nyu.edu/about/news-publications/news/2011/06/29/finding-showing-human-ancestor-older-than-previously-thought-offers-new-insights-into-evolution.html
  226. ^ Human biology by proxy
  227. ^ http://edition.cnn.com/2002/TECH/science/12/04/coolsc.coolsc.mousegenome/
  228. ^ http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn2352-just-25-of-dna-turns-mice-into-men.html
  229. ^ http://genome.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_WTD020804.html
  230. ^ Sibley and Ahlquist, Journal of Molecular Evolution, vol. 26, pp. 99-121
  231. ^ Sarich et al. 1989. Cladistics 5:3-32
  232. ^ 25. http://www.cnn.com/2002/TECH/science/09/24/humans.chimps.ap/index.html
  233. ^ http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99992833
  234. ^ كتاب دحض الداروينية, هارون يحيى, صفحات 207 إلى 222
  235. ^ New Scientist, v. 103, 16 August 1984, p. 19
  236. ^ كتاب هدم نظرية التطور في عشرين سؤالا, هارون يحيى, صفحة 21
  237. ^ Michael S. Y. Lee , " Molecular Phylogenies Become Functional ," Trends in Ecology and Evolution, Vol. 14(5): 177-178
  238. ^ Accelerated Evolution of Cytochrome b in Simian Primates: Adaptive Evolution in Concert with Other Mitochondrial Proteins? 1998
  239. ^ Michael Denton, Evolution: A Theory In Crisis, Adler and Adler, 1986, pp. 218-219
  240. ^ Robert L. Carroll, Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, W. H. Freeman and Co., New York, 1988, p. 198
  241. ^ Robert L. Carroll, Patterns and Processes of Vertebrate Evolution, Cambridge University Press, 1997, pp. 296-97
  242. ^ Stephen Jay Gould, "Eight (or Fewer) Little Piggies," Natural History, vol. 100, no. 1, January 1991, p. 25. (emphasis added)
  243. ^ Duane Gish, Evolution: The Fossils Still Say No!, Institute For Creation Research, California, 1995, p. 97
  244. ^ Is Darwinism a Religion? 2011
  245. ^ Ruse, M., How evolution became a religion: creationists correct? National Post, pp. B1,B3,B7 May 13, 2000
  246. ^ The Origin of Life, Scientific American, 191:48, May 1954
  247. ^ ISSAC Asimor (Can decreasing Entropy Exist in the universe?) Science Diegest May 1973 p76
  248. ^ Jeremy Rifkin, Entropy: A New World View, New York, Viking Press, 1980, p.6
  249. ^ J. H. Rush, The Dawn of Life, New York, Signet, 1962, p 35
  250. ^ Roger Lewin, "A Downward Slope to Greater Diversity", Science, vol. 217, 24.9.1982, p. 1239
  251. ^ George P. Stravropoulos, "The Frontiers and Limits of Science", American Scientist, vol. 65, NovemberDecember 1977, p.674
  252. ^ Jeremy Rifkin, Entropy: A New World View, p.55
  253. ^ تهافت نظرية داروين في التطور أمام العلم الحديث, أورخان محمد علي, ص71, طبعة الرسالة 1997
  254. ^ Judith Hooper, Of Moths and Men, W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., New York, 2002, p 290-300
  255. ^ تعدى إلى الأعلى ل:أ ب Judith Hooper, Of Moths and Men, p 290-300
  256. ^ Jonathan Wells, Icons of Evolution: Science or Myth? Why Much of What We Teach About Evolution is Wrong, pp. 141-151
  257. ^ Jerry Coyne, "Not Black and White", a review of Michael Majerus's Melanism: Evolution in Action, Nature, 396 (1988), pp. 35-36
  258. ^ Judith Hooper, Of Moths and Men, p.296
  259. ^ Judith Hooper, Of Moths and Men, p.293
  260. ^ Robert Matthews, "Scientists Pick Holes in Darwin's Moth Theory", The Daily Telegraph, London, 18 Mart 1999
  261. ^ وجود مقاومة للبكتيريا والحشرات للمضادات قبل أن يستخدمها البشر نشر بتاريخ 3 أكتوبر 2015
  262. ^ Stuart B. Levy, "The Challange of Antibiotic Resistance", Scientific American, March 1998, p. 35
  263. ^ P. Grasse, Evolution of living organisms, p 87
  264. ^ Medical Tribune, December 29, 1988, pp. 1, 23
  265. ^ clinical antibiotic use
  266. ^ Dr. Lee Spetner, “Lee Spetner/Edward Max Dialogue: Continuing an exchange with Dr. Edward E. Max,” 2001 www.trueorigin.org/spetner2.asp
  267. ^ Dr. Lee Spetner, “Lee Spetner/Edward Max Dialogue: Continuing an exchange with Dr. Edward E. Max,” 2001 www.trueorigin.org/spetner2.asp
  268. ^ http://muslims-res.com/العالم-لي-سبتنر-يكشف-حقيقة-مقاومة-البك.html حقيقة مقاومة البكتيريا للمضادات الحيوية]
  269. ^ Francisco J. Ayala, "The Mechanisms of Evolution", Scientific American, Vol 239, September 1978, p. 64
التالي
انت في احدث موضوع
شكرا لتعليقك