نقد نظرية التطور الجزء الثاني
مراجع
- ^ Johnston، Ian C. (1999). "Section Three: The Origins of Evolutionary Theory". ... And Still We Evolve. Liberal Studies Department, جامعة فانكوفر ايلاند. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2007-07-25.
- ^ van Wyhe، John (2002). "Charles Darwin: gentleman naturalist: A biographical sketch". The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online. University of Cambridge. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2007-07-25.
- ^ AboutDarwin.com
- ^ Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species: A FACSIMILE of the First Edition, Harvard University Press, 1964, pp. 172, 280
- ^ Mark Czarnecki, "The Revival of the Creationist Crusade", MacLean's, January 19, 1981, p. 56
- ^ Holden, Constance. "The Politics of Paleoanthropology" Science, 8-14-81, p.737
- ^ .T Neville George, Fossils in Evolutionary Perspective, Science progress vol, 48 janury 1960, p3
- ^ Dr David Raup , Curator of geology, Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago
- ^ Louis Bounoure: as quoted in "The Advocate", Thursday 8 March 1984, p. 17
- ^ Søren Løvtrup, Darwinism: The Refutation of a Myth (New York: Croom Helm, 1987), p. 422
- ^ 42 Fallacies - Free eBook
- ^ Dr. Tim White- Evolutionary anthropologist -University of California at Berkeley - New Scientist, April 28, 1983, p. 199
- ^ Ronald R. West , "Paleontology and Uniformitarianism ," in Compass , May 1968, p. 216
- ^ Donald C. Johanson & M. A. Edey, Lucy: The Beginnings of Humankind, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1981, p. 250
- ^ Science News, Vol 115, 1979, pp. 196-197
- ^ Ian Anderson, New Scientist, Vol 98, 1983, p. 373
- ^ Russell H. Tuttle, Natural History, March 1990, pp.61-64
- ^ H.yahya, The Evolution Deceit: The Scientific Collapse of Darwinism and its Ideological Background, p 98-99-100
- ^ A. J. Kelso, Physical Anthropology, 1.b., 1970, pp. 221; M. D. Leakey, Olduvai Gorge, Vol 3, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971, p. 272
- ^ oldest humanlike hand bone discoverd بتاريخ 18-8-2015
- ^ The Guardian, 11 July 2002
- ^ John Whitefield, “Oldest member of human family found,” Nature, 11 July 2002
- ^ D. L. Parsell, “Skull Fossil From Chad Forces Rethinking of Human Origins,” National Geographic News, July 10 2002
- ^ M. Schweitzer and T. Staedter, 'The Real Jurassic Park', Earth , June 1997 pp. 55-57
- ^ Morell, V., Dino DNA: The hunt and the hype, Science 261(5118):160-162, 9 July 1993
- ^ Mary H. Schweitzer, Jennifer L. Wittmeyer, John R. Horner, Jan B. Toporski, Soft-Tissue Vessels and Cellular Preservation in Tyrannosaurus rex, Science, March 25, 2005
- ^ Cocktails! C14, DNA, collagen in dinosaurs indicates geological timescales are false http://www.uncommondescent.com/…/cocktail-c14-dna-collagen…/Western Pacific Geophysics Meeting in Singapore 2012
- ^ Mark Armitage http://www.uncommondescent.com/…/mark-armitage-possibily-t…/ 2013
- ^ Scientists recover T. rex soft tissue 2015
- ^ Schweitzer's Dangerous Discovery 2016
- ^ Is This the Face of Our Past?” Discover, December 1997, pp. 97-100
- ^ D. Johanson, Blake Edgar, From Lucy to Language, p. 173
- ^ Boyce Rensberger, Washington Post, 19 October 1984, p. A11
- ^ D. Johanson, Blake Edgar, From Lucy to Language, p. 169
- ^ The New York Times, "Fossil Discovery Threatens Theory of Birds' Evolution" , عدد 23 يونيو سنة 2000
- ^ Carl O. Dunbar, Historical Geology, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1961, p. 310
- ^ L. D. MARTIN, J. D. STEWART, K. N. WHETSTONE, THE AUK, VOL. 97, 1980, P. 86.
- ^ L. D. MARTIN, "ORIGINS OF THE HIGHER GROUPS OF TETRAPODS," ITHACA, COMSTOCK PUBLISHING ASSOCIATION, NEW YORK, 1991, PP. 485-540
- ^ S. TARSITANO, M. K. HECHT, ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNAEAN SOCIETY, VOL. 69, 1980, P. 149; A. D. WALKER, GEOLOGICAL MAGAZINE, VOL. 117, 1980, P. 595
- ^ A.D. WALKER, AS DESCRIBED IN PETER DODSON, "INTERNATIONAL ARCHAEOPTERYX CONFERENCE," JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY 5(2):177, JUNE 1985
- ^ Pat Shipman, "Birds do it... Did Dinosaurs?", new scientist, febrwary 1997, p31
- ^ "Old Bird", Discover, March 21, 1997
- ^ اصطياد سمكة سيلاكانث بتاريخ 21 يناير 2003
- ^ Malcolm Muggeridge, The End of Christendom, Grand Rapids, Eerdmans, 1980, p. 59
- ^ Stephen Jay Gould, "Smith Woodward's Folly", New Scientist, February 5, 1979, p. 44
- ^ Kenneth Oakley, William Le Gros Clark & J. S, "Piltdown", Meydan Larousse, Vol 10, p. 133
- ^ End as a Man- Time Magazine 30 Nov 1953 retrieved 11 November 2010
- ^ Stephen Jay Gould, "Smith Woodward's Folly", New Scientist, April 5, 1979, p. 44
- ^ التطور التجربة الكبرى - المجلد 1 ص 143 بالإنجليزية Evolution: The Grand Experiment - Volume 1 by Dr Carl Werner, pg 143
- ^ Evolution: The Grand Experiment - Volume 1 by Dr Carl Werner, pg 219
- ^ أيقونات التطور - جوناثان ويلز :ص110 : ص111 - دار الكاتب؛ الطبعة العربية
- ^ Forensic palaeontology: The Archaeoraptor forgeryمجلة ناتشر تنتقد مؤسسة ناشيونال بنشرها خبر أحفورية أركيورابتور المفبركة. نشر بتاريخ 29 مارس 2001
- ^ Tim Friend, "Dinosaur-bird link smashed in fossil flap," USA Today, 25 January 2000, (emphasis added
- ^ Gish, Duane T., 1985. Evolution: The Challenge of the Fossil Record, El Cajon, CA: Creation-Life Publishers, p. 190
- ^ W. K. Gregory, "Hesperopithecus Apparently Not An Ape Nor A Man", Science, Vol 66, December 1927, p. 579
- ^ Tim Bromage, New Scientist, vol 133, 1992, p. 38-41
- ^ J. E. Cronin, N. T. Boaz, C. B. Stringer, Y. Rak, "Tempo and Mode in Hominid Evolution", Nature, Vol 292, 1981, p. 113-122
- ^ C. L. Brace, H. Nelson, N. Korn, M. L. Brace, Atlas of Human Evolution, 2.b. New York: Rinehart and Wilson, 1979
- ^ Alan Walker, Scientific American, vol 239 (2), 1978, p. 54
- ^ New scientist: Baboon bone found in famous Lucy skeleton نشر بتاريخ 10 أبريل 2015
- ^ Time, November 7, 1979, pp. 68- 69Dr. Yves Coppens, appearing on BBC-TV in 1982, stated that Lucy’s skull was like that of an ape/
- ^ embarrassingly un-Homo like Science 81, 2(2):53-55
- ^ J. Cherfas, New Scientist, (97:172 [1982]
- ^ Science Newsletter, 1982, p. 4
- ^ Science et vie, Adieu lucy, May 1999
- ^ 41. Ann Gibbons, “Plucking the Feathered Dinosaur,” Science, vol. 278, no. 5341, 14 November 1997, pp. 1229 – 1230
- ^ the film more about ida
- ^ http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/05/090519104643.htm
- ^ http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0005723
- ^ http://phys.org/news186758868.html
- ^ fossil ida nature magazine revelation
- ^ oh ida where have thee gone
- ^ http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2009/05/19-01.html
- ^ darwin fossile ida hype
- ^ Fifth edition (1869), Chapter IX, ‘On the Imperfection of the Geological Record’, pp. 378-381
- ^ تعدى إلى الأعلى ل:أ ب http://www.c4id.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=258:why-the-fossils-from-the-cambrian-era-rock-the-foundations-of-darwinism-&catid=52:frontpage&Itemid=1
- ^ Explaining the Cambrian “Explosion” of Animals’, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 34, pp. 362-3 (2006)
- ^ On the Origin of Phyla’, University of Chicago Press (2004), p. 35
- ^ DIGITAL CAMERAS WITH DESIGNS INSPIRED BY THE ARTHROPOD EYE بتاريخ 2013
- ^ On Methuselah’s Trail: Living Fossils and the Great Extinctions’, W. H. Freeman (1992), p. 36
- ^ Why the fossils from the Cambrian era rock the foundations of Darwinism2012
- ^ Futuyma D.J. 1995. Science on trial: the case for evolution. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer p49 ISBN 0-87893-184-8.
- ^ Dr. Duane T. Gish: Evolution? The Fossils say no, creation-life publishers, san diego, california, pp 180-181
- ^ S. R. Scadding, "Do 'Vestigial Organs' Provide Evidence for Evolution?", Evolutionary Theory, Vol 5, May 1981, p. 173
- ^ أخبار الطب اليومية: The Appendix Protects Us From Germs And Protects Good Bacteria 9 أكتوبر 2007
- ^ H. Enoch, Creation and Evolution, New York: 1966, pp. 18-19
- ^ Aabaco
- ^ Weston A. Price “Nutrition and Physical Degeneration : A Comparison of Primitive and Modern Diets and Their Effects” Written in 1939 the book at Amazon.com (8th edition, 2008)
- ^ [http://www.journeytoforever.org/farm_library/price/pricetoc.html Nutrition and Physical Degeneration]
- ^ العلم المباشر: مشاكل انحشار ضرس العقل
- ^ دراسات واسعة النطاق تتجه عكس ما يروجه مؤيدوا نظرية التطور
- ^ The effect of removal of all third molars on the dental arches in the third decade of life بتاريخ 12 يناير 1994
- ^ Clinical relevance of third permanent molars in relation to crowding after orthodontic treatment. 1997
- ^ ألفا: أضرار إزالة أضراس العقل وخطرها
- ^ The effect of extraction of third molars on late lower incisor crowding: a randomized controlled trial بتاريخ 25 ماي 1998
- ^ دراسة أمريكية: عمليات إزالة أصراس العقل بالولايات المتحدة الأمريكية وما يصاجبها منم أخطار The Prophylactic Extraction of Third Molars: A Public Health Hazard
- ^ ورقة علمية: ضرس العقل ينفع الأسنان ولا يسبب خلل لها
- ^ Saladin (2003), p 268
- ^ Foye (2008), eMedicine
- ^ Shute, Evan, Flaws in the Theory of Evolution, Craig Press 1961, page 40; cited in Ref. 7, page 34
- ^ [Bergman, J. and Howe, G., “Vestigial Organs” Are Fully Functional, pages 32–34, Creation Research Society Books, 1990. ]
- ^ Ruiz، A. (1986). "An anthropometric study of the ear in an adult population". International Journal of Anthropology 1: 135–43. doi:10.1007 /BF02447350
- ^ نتوء الأذن Vestigial organs: Remnants of evolution ماي 2008
- ^ Life's Little Mysteries - Episode 39 6 نونبر 2009
- ^ Drury and Hawlett,2000
- ^ حلمات الذكور والتحفيز الجنسي,Is the human male nipple vestigial?
- ^ حلمات الذكور Nipples Men
- ^ The Conjunctiva—Structure and Function DARLENE A. DARTT. ch2
- ^ THE EYE jhon V. Forrester, 2992
- ^ القشعريرة والعواطف البشرية الخالصة
- ^ كارتان: الاسلاف المزعومة والموسيقى
- ^ Controlled stimulation of hair follicle receptors 1974
- ^ البصيلات والقشعريرة والخلايا لانغرهانز ووظائف شعر جسم الإنسان
- ^ دراسة علمية في جامعة شيفيلد ببريطانيا: شعر جسمك قد ينقذ حياتك
- ^ الشعر يحمي من العناصر الخارجية والأتربة
- ^ دور الشعر في حماية الجسم من الحشرات
- ^ فاعلية جهاز جاكبسون في الإنسان وفائدته في البشر البالغين
- ^ Human Vomeronasal Organ Dr. Michael Meredith, FSU
- ^ Recent progress in the neurobiology of the vomeronasal organ 1 غشت 2002
- ^ الجارديان البريطانية: مناطق مفيدة من المساحات الشاسعة للجينات الخردة
- ^ الواشنطن بوست: علماء يكتسفون فوائد جينات الخردة
- ^ [ http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/08/020830072103.htm الساينس ديلي: تغير نظرة الباحثين إلى الحمض النووي الخردة]
- ^ idden Treasures in Junk DNA
- ^ Junk DNA not as worthless as once thought 2014
- ^ The ribosome can discriminate the chirality of amino acids within its peptidyl-transferase center 8 يناير 2015
- ^ تعدى إلى الأعلى ل:أ ب ت Magny, E. et al. 2013. ConservedRegulation of Cardiac Calcium Uptake by Peptides Encoded in Small Open ReadingFrames.Science. 341 (6150): 1116-1120
- ^ Yong, E. Hidden Treasures. The Scientist. Posted on the-scientist.com August 22, 2013, accessed September 20, 2013
- ^ Rinn, J. L. and H. Y. Chang. 2012. Genome Regulation by Long Noncoding RNAs. Annual Review Biochemistry. 81:145–166
- ^ Ohsawa, R. J. H. Seol, and J. K. Tyler. 2013. At the intersection of non-coding transcription, DNA repair, chromatinstructure, and cellular senescence. Frontiers in Genetics. 4 (36). doi:10.3389/fgene.2013.00136
- ^ Kastenmayer JP, Ni L, Chu A, Kitchen LE, Au WC, Yang H, Carter CD, Wheeler D, Davis RW, Boeke JD, Snyder MA, Basrai MA. Functionalgenomics of genes with small open reading frames (sORFs) in S. cerevisiae. Genome Research. 2006 Mar;16(3):365-73
- ^ The spatial architecture of protein function and adaptation 2012
- ^ Stylus: A System for Evolutionary Experimentation... بتاريخ يونيو 2008
- ^ Biologic
- ^ دراسة سنة 2015: مشكلة وقت الانتظار في نموذج تزايد أشباه البشر The waiting time problem in a model hominin population
- ^ Evolution of Living Organisms , p. 87
- ^ B. G. Ranganathan, Origins?, Pennsylvania: The Banner Of Truth Trust, 1988
- ^ Julian Huxley: Evolution in action, Newyork, Harper Bros 1953, p41
- ^ Dr. Lee Spetner, “Lee Spetner/Edward Max Dialogue: Continuing an exchange with Dr. Edward E. Max,” 2001 www.trueorigin.org/spetner2.asp
- ^ تعدى إلى الأعلى ل:أ ب Warren Weaver, "Genetic Effects of Atomic Radiation", Science, Vol 123, June 29, 1956, p. 1159
- ^ Gordon R. Taylor, The Great Evolution Mystery, New York: Harper & Row, 1983, p. 48
- ^ تعدى إلى الأعلى ل:أ ب جامعة بايلور المركز الطبي:تشريح الداروينية الدكتور جوزيف كوهين Joseph A. Kuhn 2014
- ^ http://www.pnas.org/content/93/16/8475.full.pdf PNAS S Ohno معدل التطفر
- ^ Bramble and Lieberman, Endurance running. For a list of hundreds of phenotypictraits in humans that diffir from the great apes، see A. Varki and T.K.Altheide, "Comparing the human and chimpanzee genomes: Searchingfor needles in a haystack " Genome Research 15 (2005): 1746-1758
- ^ R. Durrett and D. Schmidt " Waiting for regularoty sequences to appear " Annals of Appleid Probability 17 ( 2007): 1-32. The relevant information appearson p19 where the time to fixation is factored in
- ^ R. Durrett and D. Schmidt " Waiting for two mutations: With applicationsto regulatory sequence evolution and the limits of Darwinion evolutions" Genetics180 (2008): 1501-1509
- ^ Waiting for Two Mutations: With Applications to Regulatory Sequence Evolution and the Limits of...
- ^ academic research microsoft/ edward frieden cytochrome c oxidase
- ^ Ambler, Daniel مقارنات لبروتين السيتوكروم سي
- ^ scientificamerican. the machanisms of evolution
- ^ معهد البيولوجيا الجزيئية: Giuseppe Sermonti
- ^ Why is a Fly Not a Horse? Sermonti, Giuseppe, Discovery Institute Press, 20 April 2015
- ^ De pagina is niet gevonden
- ^ Monica Young ، Paul Hebert: PMC4550450 نشرت بشهر غشت سنة 2015
- ^ Gates, The Road Ahead, Penguin: London, Revised, 1996 p. 228
- ^ PLOS Computational Biology: Page Not found
- ^ A first look at ARFome: dual-coding genes in mammalian genomes بتاريخ 3 ماي 2007
- ^ Frank B. Salisbury, "Doubts about the Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution", American Biology Teacher, September 1971, p. 336
- ^ Paul Auger, De La Physique Theorique a la Biologie,1970, p. 118
- ^ Francis Crick, Life Itself: It's Origin and Nature, NewYork, Simon & Schuster, 1981, p. 88
- ^ Ali Demirsoy, Kalitim ve Evrim (Inheritance and Evolution), Ankara: Meteksan Publishing Co., 1984, p39
- ^ John Horgan, In the berlinning, scientific american, vol 264, February 1991, p119
- ^ Homer Jacobson, Information, reproduction and the origin of life, american scientist , january 1995, p121
- ^ Reinhard Junker and Siegfried Scherer, Entstehung gesiche der lebewesen, Weyel, 1986,p89
- ^ Michael Denton, Evolution: A Theory in Crisis. London: Burnett Books, 1985, p. 351
- ^ John Horgan, "In the Beginning", Scientific American, vol. 264, February 1991, p. 119
- ^ G.F. Joyce, L. E. Orgel, "Prospects for Understanding the Origin of the RNA World", In the RNA World, Newyork: cold spring harbor laboratory press,1993, p13
- ^ The Evolution Deceit: The Scientific Collapse of Darwinism and its Ideological Background, p 137
- ^ Jaques mondon, Chance and necessity,Newyork: 1971, p 13
- ^ Leslie E. Orgel, the origin of life onthe earth, Scientific American, Ekim 1994, vol 271,p78
- ^ ? Is Life Unique David L. Abel
- ^ http://www.iaees.org/publications/journals/nb/articles/2014-4%282%29/3-Ibrahim-Abstract.asp
- ^ Bilim ve Teknik, July 1989, Vol. 22, No.260, p.59
- ^ The Evolution Deceit: The Scientific Collapse of Darwinism and its Ideological Background,1999, p186
- ^ Grzimeks Tierleben Vögel 3, Deutscher Taschen Buch Verlag, Oktober 1993, p.92
- ^ David Attenborough, Life On Earth: A Natural History, Collins British Broadcasting Corporation, June 1979, p.236
- ^ National Geographic, September 1995, p.98
- ^ D. Attenborough, Life of birds, princeton university press, princeton-new jersy, 1998, p47
- ^ Breidach, O. and Kutsch, W., "The Nervous Systems of Invertebrates: An Evolutionary and Comparative Approach." With a coda written by T.H. Bullock, 1995
- ^ Fernald, R.D., "Casting a genetic light on the evolution of eyes", Science 313:1914–1918, 2006; p. 1914
- ^ Turner, J.S., "The Tinker’s Accomplice: How Design Emerges from Life Itself", Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, p. 161, 2007
- ^ Grassé, P.P., "Evolution of Living Organisms", Academic Press, New York, NY, p. 163, 1977
- ^ Loren C. Eiseley, The Immense Journey, Vintage Books, 1958, p. 186
- ^ Norman Macbeth, Darwin Retried: An Appeal to Reason, Harvard Common Press, New York: 1971, p. 33.
- ^ Norman Macbeth, Darwin Retried: An Appeal to Reason, Harvard Common Press, New York: 1971, p 36
- ^ Loren Eiseley, The Immense Journey, Vintage Books,. 1958. p. 227
- ^ The Evolution of a Skeptic: An Interview with Dr. Michael Behe
- ^ نظرية الـ Intelligent Desig في أصل الحياة والكون
- ^ Lee Strobel, The Case for a Creator, Chapter 3, p.33
- ^ Fodor, J. & Piattelli Palmarini, M. (2011) What Darwin Got Wrong, p.15
- ^ Berkeley’s Radical: An Interview with Phillip E. Johnson, Touchstone Magazine, 2002
- ^ Evolution: The Fossils Still Say No! دوان كيش 1995
- ^ New Scientist, Burning Darwin, vol 2235, 22-06-2002
- ^ http://www.uncommondescent.com/darwinism/peer-reviewed-paper-neo-darwinism-falsified/
- ^ discovery.org
- ^ inteligent design
- ^ Why Darwin was wrong about the tree of life 2012
- ^ Charles Darwin's tree of life is 'wrong and misleading', claim scientists2012
- ^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/4312355/Charles-Darwins-tree-of-life-is-wrong-and-misleading-claim-scientists.html
- ^ 100 Scientists, National Poll Challenge Darwinism سنة 2001
- ^ http://www.discovery.org/scripts/viewDB/filesDB-download.php?command=download&id=660
- ^ Almost a Thousand Major Scientists Dissent from Darwin!
- ^ http://www.rae.org/pdf/darwinskeptics.pdf
- ^ Physicians and Surgeons for Scientific Integrity
- ^ http://www.arn.org/arnproducts/audios/c010.htm
- ^ http://www.nature.com/news/south-korea-surrenders-to-creationist-demands-1.10773
- ^ South Korea will remove evolution from its high school textbooks 2012
- ^ Creationist groups win Michael Gove's approval to open free schools سنة 2012
- ^ Creationism and the Teaching of Evolution in Poland
- ^ Evolution Comes Under Fire in Turkey's Higher Education
- ^ Turkey suppresses evolution books
- ^ Attitudes towards teaching evolution in Turkey
- ^ http://ncse.com/news/2013/06/teaching-evolution-turkey-0014883
- ^ http://www.eltwhed.com/vb/attachment.php?attachmentid=2332&d=1409703240
- ^ سكاي نيوز عربية: استطلاع آراء الأمريكيين في نظرية التطور
- ^ Teaching creationism is widespread in U.S. public schools
- ^ http://www.knoxnews.com/news/2012/mar/19/anti-evolution-class-discussions-get-senates-ok/
- ^ http://www.deccanherald.com/content/504378/remove-darwins-evolution-theory-textbooks.html
- ^ خصائص تفرد الإنسان عن القردة
- ^ Ruth Henke, "Aufrecht aus den Bäumen," Focus, vol. 39, 1996, p. 178
- ^ Elaine Morgan, The Scars of Evolution, Oxford University Press, New York, 1994, p. 5
- ^ Ann Gauger- Douglas Axe- Casey Luskin. Science and Human Origins, p 24
- ^ الإنسان والشمبانزي توضيح الاختلافات
- ^ مجلة علم الوراثة 2007: Durrett R, Schmidt D استنتاجات نظرية حول المعدل الزمنى المطلوب لتثبيت الطفرات داخل المجموع السكانى لنوع من الاحياء عن طريق العمليات الحسابية ونماذج المحاكاة الحاسوبية
- ^ chimpanzee and human Y chromosomes are remarkably divergent in stru...
- ^ http://www.nyu.edu/about/news-publications/news/2011/06/29/finding-showing-human-ancestor-older-than-previously-thought-offers-new-insights-into-evolution.html
- ^ Human biology by proxy
- ^ http://edition.cnn.com/2002/TECH/science/12/04/coolsc.coolsc.mousegenome/
- ^ http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn2352-just-25-of-dna-turns-mice-into-men.html
- ^ http://genome.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_WTD020804.html
- ^ Sibley and Ahlquist, Journal of Molecular Evolution, vol. 26, pp. 99-121
- ^ Sarich et al. 1989. Cladistics 5:3-32
- ^ 25. http://www.cnn.com/2002/TECH/science/09/24/humans.chimps.ap/index.html
- ^ http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99992833
- ^ كتاب دحض الداروينية, هارون يحيى, صفحات 207 إلى 222
- ^ New Scientist, v. 103, 16 August 1984, p. 19
- ^ كتاب هدم نظرية التطور في عشرين سؤالا, هارون يحيى, صفحة 21
- ^ Michael S. Y. Lee , " Molecular Phylogenies Become Functional ," Trends in Ecology and Evolution, Vol. 14(5): 177-178
- ^ Accelerated Evolution of Cytochrome b in Simian Primates: Adaptive Evolution in Concert with Other Mitochondrial Proteins? 1998
- ^ Michael Denton, Evolution: A Theory In Crisis, Adler and Adler, 1986, pp. 218-219
- ^ Robert L. Carroll, Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, W. H. Freeman and Co., New York, 1988, p. 198
- ^ Robert L. Carroll, Patterns and Processes of Vertebrate Evolution, Cambridge University Press, 1997, pp. 296-97
- ^ Stephen Jay Gould, "Eight (or Fewer) Little Piggies," Natural History, vol. 100, no. 1, January 1991, p. 25. (emphasis added)
- ^ Duane Gish, Evolution: The Fossils Still Say No!, Institute For Creation Research, California, 1995, p. 97
- ^ Is Darwinism a Religion? 2011
- ^ Ruse, M., How evolution became a religion: creationists correct? National Post, pp. B1,B3,B7 May 13, 2000
- ^ The Origin of Life, Scientific American, 191:48, May 1954
- ^ ISSAC Asimor (Can decreasing Entropy Exist in the universe?) Science Diegest May 1973 p76
- ^ Jeremy Rifkin, Entropy: A New World View, New York, Viking Press, 1980, p.6
- ^ J. H. Rush, The Dawn of Life, New York, Signet, 1962, p 35
- ^ Roger Lewin, "A Downward Slope to Greater Diversity", Science, vol. 217, 24.9.1982, p. 1239
- ^ George P. Stravropoulos, "The Frontiers and Limits of Science", American Scientist, vol. 65, NovemberDecember 1977, p.674
- ^ Jeremy Rifkin, Entropy: A New World View, p.55
- ^ تهافت نظرية داروين في التطور أمام العلم الحديث, أورخان محمد علي, ص71, طبعة الرسالة 1997
- ^ Judith Hooper, Of Moths and Men, W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., New York, 2002, p 290-300
- ^ تعدى إلى الأعلى ل:أ ب Judith Hooper, Of Moths and Men, p 290-300
- ^ Jonathan Wells, Icons of Evolution: Science or Myth? Why Much of What We Teach About Evolution is Wrong, pp. 141-151
- ^ Jerry Coyne, "Not Black and White", a review of Michael Majerus's Melanism: Evolution in Action, Nature, 396 (1988), pp. 35-36
- ^ Judith Hooper, Of Moths and Men, p.296
- ^ Judith Hooper, Of Moths and Men, p.293
- ^ Robert Matthews, "Scientists Pick Holes in Darwin's Moth Theory", The Daily Telegraph, London, 18 Mart 1999
- ^ وجود مقاومة للبكتيريا والحشرات للمضادات قبل أن يستخدمها البشر نشر بتاريخ 3 أكتوبر 2015
- ^ Stuart B. Levy, "The Challange of Antibiotic Resistance", Scientific American, March 1998, p. 35
- ^ P. Grasse, Evolution of living organisms, p 87
- ^ Medical Tribune, December 29, 1988, pp. 1, 23
- ^ clinical antibiotic use
- ^ Dr. Lee Spetner, “Lee Spetner/Edward Max Dialogue: Continuing an exchange with Dr. Edward E. Max,” 2001 www.trueorigin.org/spetner2.asp
- ^ Dr. Lee Spetner, “Lee Spetner/Edward Max Dialogue: Continuing an exchange with Dr. Edward E. Max,” 2001 www.trueorigin.org/spetner2.asp
- ^ [ http://muslims-res.com/العالم-لي-سبتنر-يكشف-حقيقة-مقاومة-البك.html حقيقة مقاومة البكتيريا للمضادات الحيوية]
- ^ Francisco J. Ayala, "The Mechanisms of Evolution", Scientific American, Vol 239, September 1978, p. 64
خارج الموضوع تحويل الاكوادإخفاء الابتساماتإخفاء